Objective: To determine the role of lifestyle behaviors in prehospital delays by determining the duration of application to hospital in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: The study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was conducted in a university hospital between December 2016 and June 2017. Data on 229 patients with a definitive diagnosis of myocardial infarction were obtained using the “Patient Identification Form” and the “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II.”

Results: The application duration of the patients to the hospital was 2.9 ± 1.9 hours, and 42.4% of the patients were admitted to the hospital for 2 hours or longer. While male gender, pain radiating to the hand and arm, and favorable weather conditions when the complaints started shortened the time to apply to the hospital (P  < .05); accompanying weakness with pain and help-seeking behavior by the patient's relatives prolonged the application period (P  < .05). Those who applied to the hospital in less than 2 hours from the onset of the com-plaints scored higher on the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II (P  < .05).

Conclusions: As a result of our findings, it can be said that one of the ways to shorten the hospital admission time by accelerating the decision-making process of the patient after myocardial infarction is to provide individuals with healthy lifestyle behaviors.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: Chronic venous insufficiency can be missed unless it comes to mind. We need a simplified diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. This study is aimed to analyze the potential role of inflammatory markers like monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency.
METHODS: Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 419 patients admitted to our clinics between September 1, 2019, and January 20, 2021, were included. Blood tests and venous Duplex ultrasound examinations applied to lower limb veins on the same day were studied. Monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was measured. A reflux time longer than 1 second in Duplex ultrasonography was considered venous insufficiency. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of venous insufficiency. The relation between these results and the presence of venous insufficiency was examined.
RESULTS: Results: When compared with the patients without venous insufficiency, monocyte count was higher (0.61 ± 0.18 vs. 0.55 ± 0.15 109/L; P  = .00) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found to be lower (49 ± 9.1 vs. 53.4 ± 13.6 mg/dL; P  = .02) in the patients with chronic venous insufficiency. The monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was higher in the patients with chronic venous insufficiency (12.5 ± 5 vs. 10.9 ± 4; P  = .005). According to multivariate regression analysis, monocyte count (95% CI: 1.003-1.035; P  = .020) and monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (95% CI: 1.017-1.154; P  = .013) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of venous insufficiency.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusions: If the monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is high, it may be predicted that this patient may have chronic venous insufficiency. This prediction may focus us on the lower extremity examination in clinical routine practice.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine death anxiety, coping attitudes of individuals who had myocardial infarction, and the variables affecting these concepts.


METHODS: Methods: The data from descriptive and cross-sectional studies were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Templer Death Anxiety Scale, and the Coping Attitudes Evaluation Scale. The sample of the study consisted of individuals diagnosed with myocardial infarction in the cardiology clinic of a university hospital. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science Statistics Base v23. Univariate, multivariate regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used to examine the relationship between variables.
RESULTS: Results: A total of 70.9% of the participants were male, 77.9% were married, and the mean age was 66.09 ± 11.58. The Mean Death Anxiety Scale score was 7.92 ± 3.19, and 55.8% of the participants had moderate death anxiety and 30.2% had severe death anxiety. The mean score of the Coping Attitudes Evaluation Scale was determined as 74.38 ± 10.43. Working status, praying, chest pain, numbness in the left arm, and fatigue-fatigue symptoms were associated with death anxiety; marital status, education level, access to a health center, losing a relative due to infarction, choosing to rest, jaw pain, pain in the left arm, and shortness of breath symptoms were found to be associated with coping attitudes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that the majority of patients with myocardial infarction experienced moderate and severe death anxiety, and death anxiety and coping attitudes were associated with various sociodemographic, disease-related factors and symptoms experienced. It is recommended that nurses regularly evaluate patients' death anxiety and coping attitudes and provide education and counseling to patients accordingly.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effect of planned educational intervention based on the chronic care model on the management of patients with hypertension. The chronic care model is a framework for organizing and improving chronic illness
care, based on a proactive, planned approach that incorporates patient self-care, provider, and system-level interventions. Several instruments have been developed to evaluate the effects of chronic care model implementation on care and treatment outcomes. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care questionnaire is used in the instrument to evaluate the delivery of care for patients.


METHODS: Methods: The study was performed as a prospective study conducted with a controlled semiexperimental pattern in matched groups. Totally 30 patients including 15 intervention and 15 control group patients matched in terms of socio-demographic features were monitored for 6 months. The intervention group was trained and monitored by a professional team in line with the components of the model. Life quality scale, hypertension information questions, and chronic care assessment scale were applied to both groups at the beginning and in the sixth month of the study.
RESULTS: Results: In the intervention group, positive developments were observed such as improved life quality, improvement in metabolic values, increase in knowledge levels, and satisfaction with chronic care management, and additional comorbidity, which facilitates the end-organ
damage of hypertension, was not detected.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was determined that the educational intervention conducted through chronic care model turned out to be influential in terms of improving the metabolic signs and quality of life of patients with hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychosocial adjustment of heart failure patients on their self-care behaviors.

METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 130 patients who applied for heart failure diagnosis at a state hospital’s cardiology outpatient clinic, cardiology clinic, and coronary intensive care unit between March and August 2017 and met the research criteria. Data
about the patients were collected through a descriptive form, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self-Report, and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale -12. The analysis of the data was carried out using frequency, mean, standard deviation, the Mann–Whitney U test (U), Kruskal–Wallis test (X2), independent samples t-test, and one-way
analysis of variance.
RESULTS: The mean Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self-Report total score of the patients was 51.1 ± 17.3. Among the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self-Report sub-domains, the vocational environment received the highest mean score with 10.4 ± 3.9,
while the extended family relationships received the lowest. The mean European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale total score was 31.2 ± 5.6. While there was no statistically significant relationship between Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self-Report and
European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale, a weak positive correlation was found between the healthcare orientation sub-domain and European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior (P >.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion: While the self-care behaviors of the patients were at a sufficient level, their psychosocial adjustment was at a bad level. A positive significant relationship was found between self-care behaviors and healthcare orientation.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: In this study, it was aimed to identify the environmental stressors perceived by patients treated in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit.

METHODS: Methods: The study using a descriptive cross-sectional approach was designed and completed with 100 patients treated in a Medical School Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit between October 2018 and February 2019. Data were collected using the “Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale” and the “Patient Information Form.”
RESULTS: Results: It was determined that 57% of the patients within the scope of the study were treated in the Cardiovascular Surgery Department and 43% of them were treated in the Thoracic Surgery Department. The most perceived stressors of the patients were identified as “pain,” “lack of privacy,” and “being tied to tubes.” According to the results, 60% of the patients were on continuous medication and 50% of them had a companion. Moreover, the patients who had a companion had a lower mean score on the “Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale” compared to those who did not have a companion. Similarly, patients who were not on continuous medication had lower mean score compared to those who were on continuous medication. These differences are statistically significant ( P <,005).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Ensuring the patients of the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit perceived that the least level of environmental stressors is only possible byproviding and maintaining individuality as well as evaluation of patients with all dimensions.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine effectiveness of telehealth interventions that can positively affect the course of the disease, such as early diagnosis of heart failure symptoms, patient compliance, and rehabilitation.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords “Heart failure” and “Telehealth.” A toal of 16 randomized controlled studies that met the inclusion criteria, published in English language, January 2011 and later, were included in this systematic study. For quality assessments, checklists for “Randomized Controlled Studies created by the Joanna Briggs Institute” and in bias assessments, “A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials” designed
by the Cochrane group were used.

Results: Telephone, bio-data transfer devices, web, and audio/video conferences were used as telehealth interventions. It had been seen thatv telehealth interventions could give positive health outcomes such as general health status, physiological capacity, self-care, self-efficacy,
quality of life, knowledge level, motivation, and treatment compliance. Similarly, it had been shown that heart failure-related hospitalizations can be reduced by detecting the risks of clinical worsening at an early stage with immediate bio-data transfer and feedback systems.

Conclusion: We recommend integrating telephone calls (structured/direct) into the intervention when planning telehealth interventions in home care patients with heart failure, planning especially telephone-based initiatives to monitor rural and remote areas, health and technology
literacy should be considered in future studies, and a standard should be be followed in terms of follow-up time and frequency, or a separate study should be done for this.

Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide over the past decade. Nurses should be knowledgeable about the main features and timing of complications of acute myocardial infarction and be able to intervene effectively. Interventions carried out in this context are situations where it is not possible to learn by experience and where education is difficult in real patients. The use of simulation applications in teaching the management of acute myocardial infarction patients is one of the effective methods that provide a safe learning environment. In this context, by creating simulation environments, mistakes can be prevented and more secure and efficient training can be provided by making applications as close to reality as possible. For this reason, it is recommended to plan various scenarios according to student levels and to use these scenarios in education.

In this study, it is aimed to share a simulation design example for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction followed in the emergency department, based on The International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Best Practice Standards. As the simulation is increasingly being incorporated into nursing education teaching-learning environments, a simulation framework that outlines simulation design features will help educators develop quality simulations that can be incorporated into classroom or clinical nursing practice.

Roy Adaptation Model is one of the frequently used nursing models in nursing care in recent years. While helping to identify the adaptation needs of individuals, families, and groups, it focuses on changes in the human adaptive system and environment. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, medication use, diet, exercise, and the need to make lifestyle changes make it difficult to adapt to the disease. Since Roy Adaptation Model deals with the individual in physiological, psychological, and social fields as a whole, it may be suitable for patients with acute myocardial infarction at an early age. In this case report, a 26-year-old case with acute myocardial infarction who was applied Roy Adaptation Model-based nursing care was examined.